SelectionAny community or organisation can propose a new biosphere reserve. Proposals are made to UNESCO via the Scottish Government or the UK Government’s Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. UNESCO considers all proposals, and it reviews existing sites every five years. The community where a biosphere reserve is proposed is responsible for setting up and managing the reserve.Protection and managementBiosphere reserve designation helps to promote the integrated and sustainable management of an area. To achieve this, two approaches must be applied: the use of a zonation approach with a protected core area and a buffer area within which sustainable development may be promoted;participation of the local community.