The previous chapters of these guidelines have presented background needed to determine the subjects of monitoring at DOE fossil energy RD & D facilities. Chapter V deals primarily with analytical hardware options available for such monitoring, sampling and analytical methods, data recording, processing and retrieval, and with data quality control and assurance. In general, this chapter does not deal with ways to select among the options available. Some chokes, however, are obvious. For example, some EPA-approved monitoring technologies are required by law. Beyond that, EPA approved methods are generally recommended because that agency has put more effort into developing and/or validating monitoring methods than any other public or private organization.