This dataset combines fish assemblage data from the EPA National Rivers and Streams Assessment, elevation data from an EPA R package called elevatr, fish species native/non-native designations from the USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database, glaciation shapefiles from a public online textbook, and phylogenetic and fish trait data from two previously published studies. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Gallagher, B., E. Santos, M. Dumelle, P. Kaufmann, and J. Ebersole. Geologic History Explains Freshwater Fish Species Richness Across the Conterminous USA. Global Ecology and Biogeography. Wiley InterScience, Silver Spring, MD, USA, 34(10): e70139, (2025).